Modernization Essay

As we begin to ponder the future of modernization, and the possible consequences that are apt to occur, perhaps we should first revisit the definition of modernization. To this end we can start by saying that modernization is thought of as a concept that states that the development of societies can be considered as a standard evolutionary pattern that has a tendency to stimulate growth. It can also be considered as the concept that refers to the process where society goes through several stages, including industrialization, urbanization, and various other social changes, that tend to completely transform the lives of individuals. One must first take into consideration that modernization, taken in-and-of- itself, should not be considered either good or bad. Modernization is not limited to the geographical bounds of the United States but actually affects people worldwide, and has wide ranging effects including politically, socially, economically, and environmentally throughout the entire populated world. Of course, as in most things, there are positive aspects of modernization as well as several consequences. Perhaps it could be posited that Industrialization began the social changes in the United States society that could be referred to as the modernization of the United States. Although there were many changes before industrialization they were perhaps not as wide-ranging or as monumental. For the purposes of this discussion we can say that modernization refers to the changes of social patterns since the time of the industrial revolution (Macionis, J. J. , 2011). These changes are going to continue, so that we can have better and more efficient technology. Our buildings are even being built to endure certain circumstance based on location. We have advanced so much there would be no reason to take a step back now. We are finding more and better ways to improve our everyday lives and makes things easier for an everyday commute. We have changed the way we think and treat people as well. Since we are a more diverse society people don’t judge each other based on their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ethnicity. The way we treat others in the workplace and sexual harassment has changed also sexual harassment is now a serious crime and has consequences. Modernization is a world-wide trend. We often use conference calling for business meetings in foreign countries. Most countries now have access to the World Wide Web as well. Countries are looking for ways to modernize and adapt to the new technology we have available. There are societies and religions that do not believe in modernization such as the Amish. In some societies socialization has become closer among residents while others societies have grown further apart. Schools are adapting to other cultures and standards. Education is changing as well as work ethics and duties. Countries want to find new ways to expand and progress. Japan and China are two countries that have shown major modernization in the last few decades. All countries can benefit from the progression of modernization. Modernization helps to societies as well as has its negative aspects. We will discuss the negative effects later. Technology blends with our society and traditions are often lost. With more technology we find less need for backbreaking labor and many jobs are replaced with machines. Modernization has even affected our environment with pollution. There are positive aspects to modernization as well. As mentioned before the technology helps in the workplace by making things more efficient, faster, and less costly. Modernization has also change the way be build. Many of our buildings are now modernized and more appealing to onlookers. We can now see other parts of the world just by searching the internet. We can socialize with others that are across the globe without leaving our homes. Modernization has led to social, political, economical, cultural changes, and more. We have brought change in society in numerous ways. Modernization has helped to legalize same-sex marriages, abortions and other things that were considered forbidden before. Some fear with the advance in modernization that we may lose sight in religious values. The great thing about modernization is more people are thinking for themselves, and fighting for what they believe in. A study done in china had found that people in underdeveloped areas where more likely to get lung cancer because of smoking in their homes and using solid heat to cook and heat. The study found it was better on their health to live in a more modernized society. The wood and coal used to make their heat and warm their food was also a cause of lung cancer. So modernization, even though it has also caused pollution in the past, can also help us to become more environmentally friendly. This study shows that we are learning from our mistakes and making better choices to make a better future. Modernization has its good qualities as well as its bad. Technology will continue to advance and societies will continue to adapt. We will continue our want and need for something faster, better, and more efficient than the technology we already have. Countries will continue to compete with each other to come out with the latest technology and best advancements. We will continue to accept new trends, ideas, and values. Some traditions will diminish though we will have new advancements to take their place. The U. S. alone has grown to accept new things such as same sex marriage, rights to vote and more. With as advance as we have become worldwide there is no reason for modernization to stop where it is. We can always learn new things, make new things and come together as better communities. We can also learn to adapt and make better choices for our environment to ensure a healthier world for generations to come.

Is It True That Acting Quickly and Instinctively Is the Best Response to a Crisis Essay

â€Å"A man who waits to believe in action before acting is anything you like, but he is not a man of action. It is as if a tennis player before returning the ball stopped to think about his views of the physical and mental advantages of tennis. You must act as you breathe.† – Georges Clemenceau Is it true that acting quickly and instinctively is the best response to a crisis? Or are there times when an urgent situation requires a more careful consideration and a slower response? Differentiating circumstances determine the best course of action to take whether it is a carefully constructed and slower response or a quick instinctive reaction to a crisis; it all depends on the level of urgency and time and resources available. Literature and history have shown how different responses may have a positive or negative outcome. Events of the past illustrate what type of response is the best for certain situations such as the carrying out cardiopulmonary resuscitation or the planned escape of Romeo and Juliet in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare or the response to America’s division in 1860 over the possession of African American slaves resulting in the American Civil War of 1861-1865. Situations which may determine life or death with a very short time span available always need a quick, urgent and instinctive response. A response like one to perform CPR on a stranger suffering a cardiac arrest, this response is initiated by the natural human instinct to protect and save another’s life. An urgent situation such as this one has only one response method and that is one of action as acclaimed by Georges Clemenceau as every second wasted adds to the possibility of death of the patient. Many situations especially those involving relationships need an objectively assessed response planned, a response with an absence of subjective emotion. The play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare exemplifies this notion. The two lovers act passionately out of emotion and adoration for the other that they do not fully consider the outcomes and results of their actions. In this scenario either an objective observer or a rational decision from an insider needs to occur to determine their paths of action. Because they both acted irrationally and emotionally influenced it resulted in the eventual heartbreaking demise of both Romeo and Juliet. History proves the embody the ideals of planned responses as a course of action to an urgent situation like one of divided nationalism and prospective anarchy. Close to the start of the American Civil War in 1861, America was divided between the southern states defending their right to slavery of African Americans and the rest of the country. The southern states in general rebelled against Lincoln’s leadership and denied his authority over them leading to imminent anarchy that he was forced to go to war in order to reassert that authority and leadership and unite the country. Up until this present day it is still debatable whether he should or should not have gone to war but it opens up the questions and the possibilities of a calmer planned response. The atrocities of the American Civil War shed light on the ideals of a slower planned reaction to the crisis. However it is undeniable that either response, instinctive or planned, would have both effective and detrimental effects on the country but to what extent is the question. History, literature and day to day tales of crises and solutions have taught us that the time of response to a catastrophe required is entirely dependent on that certain circumstance and its own level of urgency and time and resources accessible.

Business Sustainability Performance †Free Samples to Students

The main purpose of strategic operations management is to help and support the business organizations to increase the overall performance. In order to achieve strategic operations successfully, the business organizations need to consider efficiency and flexibility. The strategic operations management consists of competitive business approaches and moves to ensure successful business performance. This helps the organizations to define the mission and vision of the business by setting accurate objectives and implementing and executing suitable strategies. The fact that everything is done strategically, defines the success of the operations management. This report emphasizes on identifying and analyzing the operations of the organization named Tindo Solar by considering the value chain of the organization. The report also includes the inbound and outbound logistics of the company and its effect on the customers. Tindo Solar is a solar panel manufacturing company based in Adelaide, Australia. Tindo Solar is a national company that designs and manufactures solar panel products strictly based on the Australian conditions. The products manufactured by the company are of superior-quality due to which the products are highly preferable among the customers. The solar panels manufactured by the company require minimal maintenance thereby, making the products cost-effective for the customers. Due to technological advancements, the company has incorporated the latest features in the solar panel products. Therefore, the solar panel products manufactured by Tindo Solar are highly automated and technologically advanced. By considering the present market trend, the company has made required amendments and inclusions in terms of technology in the products. As a result, the solar panels by Tindo Solar are highly preferable within the market and the customers. Moreover, the company provides various service o ptions to the customers such as easy finance and installation along with the installation charge as low as $2000. Furthermore, the company provides more than 20 years as guarantee period thereby, making it more reliable for the customers[1]. In order to run a business successfully, it is essential for the business organizations to conduct certain operations strategically. This helps in maintaining the track of the various strategic activities conducted for successful business operations. Settings goals timely and the ability of the business organizations to manage the vicissitudes of the daily operations of the business highlight the backbone of the business[2]. Therefore, effective management of the daily operations of Tindo Solar includes managing finances, operation planning, protection of business, benchmarking, supply chain management, management leadership, organizational design and business sustainability[3]. Finance management is a crucial aspect of for Tindo Solar, as this provided opportunity for appropriate financial resource management. Financial management is concerned with the acquisition, financing and management of assets thereby, resulting in the success of the business[4]. The business organizations fail to utilize its complete potential for growth and expansion without proper administration and effective utilization of finance. The main factors of financial management include investment decision, financing decision and dividend decision[5]. Therefore, Tindo Solar need to manage the finance of the company to conduct business successfully. By strategically conducting the investment decision, Tindo Solar will be able to determine the total amount of assets required retention by the organization. Secondly, Tindo Solar needs to manage the supply chain effectively as this will allow the organization for effective management of network planning, inventory control, distribution strategies, outsourcing and procurement[6]. The supply chain of Tindo Solar will help the organization to integrate the stakeholders from the supplier to the customers. This will also help Tindo Solar in promoting mutual sharing of information among the channel members thereby, helping planning and monitoring of the processes[7]. Co-operation among the channel members are essential for effective management of supply chain by promoting coordinated activities by Tindo Solar. Benchmarking is defined as the continuous systematic process of measuring own output or work process against the toughest competitors in the market[8]. Continuous benchmarking will help Tindo Solar to identify their strengths and weakness and work on it to sustain in the competitive market. As the use of solar panel is highly facilitated In Australia, it is essential for Tindo Solar to continuously compare and contrast their operational strategies with the best in the market. Therefore, this will help Tindo Solar to satisfy the customers better by fulfilling the needs and establishing new standards and goals[9]. Moreover, benchmarking will also motivate the employees of Tindo Solar by challenging them professionally and provide career growth. Ensuring business sustainability will allow Tindo Solar conduct business in Australia without hampering the environment but contributing towards the economy of the country[10]. Business sustainability is an integral part of the corporate risk management, as this allows the business organizations protect the environment while conducting business. Therefore, environmental sustainability for the business of Tindo Solar will provide an opportunity for the company to make responsible business decisions. Considering the nature of work done by Tindo Solar, it is already beneficial for the environment, as it is facilitating the use of solar panels within the people. Therefore, both economic and environmental aspect of the country is benefited due to appropriate business sustainability. The concept of lean product management theory is defined as the ability of the business organizations of being less wasteful along with doing things that are big for the country, its economy and the environment[11]. However, lean product management theory does not signify being cheap. Therefore, implementation of lean product management theory will help Tindo Solar to maintain the operations of the company by maintaining their profit level along with being less wasteful. The implementation of lean product management theory allowed the managers of Tindo Solar to get the value of the products to the market rapidly. The use of solar panels is highly preferable among the Australian population. Based on the increasing demand for the use of solar panels among the population, the managers of Tindo Solar has served the market. The company began its operation in 2003 and since then has been able to grow their business and customers base successfully. The organization has even opened its branches in Melbourne since the organization began conducting business. The use of this theory has helped Tindo Solar to penetrate the market into the half. Market penetration helped Tindo Solar in working towards the goal instead of building arbitrarily. According to the theory, the managers of Tindo Solar are able to explore the problems rather than emphasizing solely on the requirements. After evaluating the market, the managers came to know about the requirement of the customers. The customers were also encountering issues in terms of maintaining electricity and paying huge bills. Therefore, the company was able to explore the problems of the customers and gather to required features for solving the problem. The company started manufacturing and installing solar panels for the customers thereby, ensuring both solar and environmental help. The company also emphasized on spreading awareness among the people regarding the diverse application of solar panels along with low maintenance and fewer electricity bills. Ensuring business sustainability will allow Tindo Solar conduct business in Australia without hampering the environment but contributing towards the economy of the country[12]. Business sustainability is an integral part of the corporate risk management, as this allows the business organizations protect the environment while conducting business. Therefore, environmental sustainability for the business of Tindo Solar will provide an opportunity for the company to make responsible business decisions. Considering the nature of work done by Tindo Solar, it is already beneficial for the environment, as it is facilitating the use of solar panels within the people. Therefore, both economic and environmental aspect of the country is benefited due to appropriate business sustainability. The demand of using solar power panel in Australia has increased over the years due to the adverse environmental impact of the conventional electricity system[13]. The heating and cooling machines and systems contribute adversely towards the environment. Therefore, ensuring business sustainability will allow Tindo Solar to manage financial, environmental and social opportunities and obligations appropriately. It has been seen that in order to progress and compete, the business organizations are undertaking strategies without considering the adverse environmental impact. Global warming is one of the biggest examples of such negligence[14]. One of the sustainable business strategies undertaken by Tindo Solar is that the company has taken the initiative of going green with the commercial solar panel in Adelaide and Melbourne[15]. According to the rules and policies of the Australian Government, it is important for the organizations to produce energy from renewable resources[16]. The main motive of Tindo Solar is to produce residential and commercial energy to the people from sunlight. The company installs solar panels on the roofs and ground of the premises in such a way that direct sunlight falls on the panels. The photons of the sunlight then reach the panels and the photovoltaic tubes help in transferring it into useable energy. The use of solar panels for both commercial and residential is beneficial for the environment. The use of solar panels are beneficial are it is one of the renewable producers of energy. Solar panels can be used in all parts that receive sunlight[17]. The use of solar panel as the source of energy completely mitigates the chances of power or electricity cut. Moreover, solar panels can be used as long as sunlight is present in the environment. Therefore, this is a sustainable business approach used by the Tindo Solar that is beneficial for the country, its people and the environment. The solar panels provided by Tindo Solar have diverse applications but low maintenance costs thereby, making the use extremely profitable and beneficial for the environment and the company. The customers using solar panels only need to keep the panels clean and has no other maintenance costs[18]. Moreover, Tindo Solar provides a warranty period of more than 20 years for the products they install thereby, m aintaining sufficient environmental, social and financial sustainability. In this report, it can be concluded that Tindo Solar needs to implement strategic operations management for conducting business successfully. Tindo Solar energy is a solar company based in Adelaide, Australia. It is important for the company to manage the strategic operations in terms of financial management, benchmarking, supply chain and sustainability appropriately. The use of lean product management theory will help the organization to maintain the operational management of the product. The use of this theory helped Tindo Solar to manufacture products with huge benefit but not cheap. Moreover, Tindo Solar has a sustainable approach towards the environment of the country, as the company primarily emphasizes on the manufacturing of solar panels and installing them. This is a huge initiative undertaken by the company, as the solar panels have diverse applications and low maintenance costs. In addition to, the company also provides more than 20 years of warranty on their products the reby, ensuring financial and social sustainability. Amigoni, Francesco, et al. "Competitions for benchmarking: task and functionality scoring complete performance assessment." IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 22.3 (2015): 53-61. Azevedo, Susana G., et al. "Influence of green and lean upstream supply chain management practices on business sustainability." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 59.4 (2012): 753-765. Bansal, Pratima, and Mark R. DesJardine. "Business sustainability: It is about time." Strategic Organization 12.1 (2014): 70-78. Christiansen, Ulrik, Annemette Kjà ¦rgaard, and Rasmus Koss Hartmann. "Working in the shadows: Understanding ERP usage as complex responsive processes of conversations in the daily practices of a Special Operations Force." Scandinavian Journal of Management 28.2 (2012): 173-184. Christopher, Martin. Logistics & supply chain management. Pearson UK, 2016. Gao, Jijun, and Pratima Bansal. "Instrumental and integrative logics in business sustainability." Journal of Business Ethics 112.2 (2013): 241-255. Hepsà ¸, Vidar, et al. "Integrated Environmental Monitoring in Daily Operations." SPE Intelligent Energy International. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. Kayser, Mark Andreas, and Michael Peress. "Benchmarking across borders: electoral accountability and the necessity of comparison." American Political Science Review 106.3 (2012): 661-684. Matta, Andrea, et al. "Modelling home care organisations from an operations management perspective." Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal 26.3 (2014): 295-319. Ng, Anthony C., and Zabihollah Rezaee. "Business sustainability performance and cost of equity capital." Journal of corporate finance 34 (2015): 128-149. Poksinska, Bozena, Dag Swartling, and Erik Drotz. "The daily work of Lean leaders–lessons from manufacturing and healthcare." Total Quality Management & Business Excellence 24.7-8 (2013): 886-898. Slawinski, Natalie, and Pratima Bansal. "Short on time: Intertemporal tensions in business sustainability." Organization Science 26.2 (2015): 531-549. 'Solar For Business' (Tindosolar.com.au, 2017) accessed 31 August 2017 Stadtler, Hartmut. "Supply chain management: An overview." Supply chain management and advanced planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. 3-28. 'Tindo Solar –' (Tindosolar.com.au, 2017) accessed 31 August 2017.

Business Policy case analysis on Samsung Electronics - it is a case Essay

Business Policy case analysis on Samsung Electronics - it is a case analysis and I will attach the case and more details below - Essay Example gion, for this purpose one of the main things that need to be studied are the strengths and weaknesses of the company, a SWOT analysis for the company follows. SWOT is basically an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, where strengths and weaknesses are internal and opportunity and threats exist in the external environment, with this basic understanding let us now discover the strengths of Samsung. Strengths for Samsung would be its human resources, because Samsung places such a high value on its human resources and believes in rewarding its labor and not punishing them makes a whole lot of difference because employees are more motivated to work and they have a strong sense of loyalty to the company; this makes a whole lot of difference as people would put in more effort for the company to succeed in achieving its targets and in bad times they would be much more supportive of the company which may include accepting a lower wage for the period that the company is suffering because there is a sense of ownership and belonging with respect to the company. At Samsung this is achieved by relieving the employees of the 90% of their burden such as healthcare for them and their family and retirement , with these burdens taken care of, it allows employees more freedom to concentrate on their work rather than worrying about other things.. Another important aspect is that Samsung places a lot of value on high quality and it develops that through research and development, it spends heavily on research and development and it has been unique in developing the way that it encourages people to research. It has an annual competition between two teams, one in California and the other in Korea itself, these two teams develop a new and better product each other and have been the source of many new product designs for Samsung, this is a strength that most of its competitors may lack and it gives Samsung a definitive edge over other competitors in the market, it

PHILOSOPHY of ADULT WORKFORCE TRAINING Assignment

PHILOSOPHY of ADULT WORKFORCE TRAINING - Assignment Example There is no single theory as of how to apply learning to all adults. In fact, there were various models and sets of assumptions, theories and explanations that created the base for the learning knowledge for adults. In an attempt to document the differences in the ways the learning process is set up, Malcolm Knowles have created a concept of andragony or the art and science of helping adults to learn. He perceived adult learners as those who move from dependency to enhancing self- directedness while one becomes more experienced and can direct and manage one’s learning. Moreover, adult learners draw on their own experience that help them in learning. They are ready to get acquainted with new social and life roles, are motivated to learn by internal and not by the external environments. Knowles also suggested that adult educators were able to set a cooperative atmosphere for their learning in the classroom, identified their specific needs and interests, developed learning object ives that were based on the learning needs and interests (Adult learning theories, n.d.). Besides, Knowles stated that adult learning activities such as roles plays, various scenarios and inquiry- based dialogues challenged adult learners to thinking, they were also active participants of the problem solving exercise and used appropriate technological resources in their learning. All these activities were defined as active adult learning, which Knowles studied in his theory. His Adult Learning Concept reflected similarities in the adult and child classroom, however, adults generally had different motivations that engaged them to learning. This concept have also reflected differences from the traditional teacher- centered models of child and the educational process as it was. What is important in Knowles theory is that instructors should be familiar with it, because it helps to develop effective lessons and deliver knowledge in the most

Ozone Depletion Regime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ozone Depletion Regime - Essay Example According to them, when the compound Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) reaches the atmosphere, it can be broken down by ultraviolet radiation which in turn would result to a release of chlorine atoms. The chlorine atoms would then destroy large amounts of ozone molecules (O3), aggregately called as the ozone layer. Molina and Rowland further contended that since ozone layer absorbs most of the ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the sun, the depletion of the ozone layer would have dangerous health, environmental and economical implications. The study, which was published on the journal Nature on June 28, 1974, paved way to further studies of the subject and in 1976, the National Academy of Sciences finally confirmed the Rowland- Molina hypothesis. By early 1980's some countries, including the United States and Canada are already exerting their efforts to mitigate the use of the CFC including imposing ban on the non- essential uses of the compound. National efforts however are not enough in that the utilization of ozone depleting chemicals is on a global scale, and it entails a global effort to reduce the use of the ozone depleting substances. To attain this objective, an agreed international effort became necessary. In 1981, The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), acted on behalf of a proposal to conduct a global convention on the issue. There was a long deadlock as to the international negotiations to phase out ozone-depleting substances because of such issues as the lack of understanding about the extent of the threat and the presumed unavailability of a technological capacity to respond to the challenge (The Montreal Protocol: History 2001). Finally in March 1985, the Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer was signed. The Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer, though reflects international agreements to address the ozone depletion issue, does not contain legally binding control to reduce production and consumption of ozone depleting substances. A need for stronger measures is deemed necessary especially with the advent of reports of an ozone hole over Antarctica and a generated public fear of a possible ozone effected global disaster. Thus resulted th e Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, "the first concrete international measure to control ozone-depleting chemicals" (Parson 2001). The Objectives of the Regime The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer has a generally broad objective in that it merely requires its parties to "take appropriate measures" to protect "human health and the environment from ozone depletion". The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer moved on further from these general goals by imposing stricter measures and by specifying concrete objectives of limiting and regulating the use of the ozone depleting substances. The initial objectives of the Montreal Prot

ADVANCED PRICING TECHNIQUES Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ADVANCED PRICING TECHNIQUES - Assignment Example US has an absolute advantage in ______________Chemicals____________ (apparel, chemicals, both apparel and chemicals, neither apparel nor chemicals). e. China has a comparative advantage in ________ both apparel and chemicals __________________ (apparel, chemicals, both apparel and chemicals, neither apparel nor chemicals). US has a comparative advantage in __________ neither apparel nor chemicals ________________ (apparel, chemicals, both apparel and chemicals, neither apparel nor chemicals). g. Compared to the initial optimal product combinations D and S, world output of chemicals is ________smaller________ (smaller, greater) by __18___ tons of chemicals and world output of apparel is ________greater________ (smaller, greater) by __28___ 1000 units of apparel. i. Based on the actual terms of trade in previous part of this question, US can now choose four 1000 units of apparel and ___1.5___ tons of chemicals and China can now choose six tons of chemicals and ___1.5___ 1000 units of apparel. Specialization and trade between the two nations has ______decreased________ (decreased, increased) the standard of living in US and has ________Increased______ (decreased, increased) the standard of living in

Are social networking sites useful for Literature review

Are social networking sites useful for recruitment(Facebook,twitter,linkedin) - Literature review Example s an act that involves finding the right people and is closely related to selection since both processes are aimed at getting employees with the right attitudes and competencies. In order to initiate recruitment process, a job must be advertised so that potential candidates can be attracted to that position (Breaugh & Starke, 2000). There are several recruitment methods that organizations use to choose their employees and they range from local newspaper adverts, billboards, recruitment agencies among others that have existed since time immemorial. The latest form of recruitment is online recruitment that entails the use of social networking sites such as Facebook, twitter and linkedln among other methods (Brown & Vaughan, 2011; Galanaki, 2002; Marler, 2009). Organizations have considerable freedom in selecting the people they choose based on their preferences, however, legislation tend to play a significant role in overseeing the recruitment process. Among the things that touches on the legality of recruitment process mainly touches on age, sex, race, and disability among others (Fu, 2007). Governments are introducing increased legislation concerning recruitment process mainly to protect the rights of its citizens against exploitation of the business community. Houghton and Joinson (2010) argues that ethical issues that surround the recruitment process are important factors that must be considered by any organization, lest they interfere with their integrity. However, in recent times, ethical dimensions of human resource have been downplayed in literature leading to, moving to emphasis on strategic it and best practice. To ensure good ethical standards, the tone set by recruitment team is very important since it represents the attitude of their organization together with its members (Decker, 2006). The growth rate of social networking sites is very high since twitter posted a growth rate exceeding 1300% within very few years of operations (Caers & Castelyns,

Ethical Dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical Dilemmas - Essay Example Besides, organizations are engaged in shifting their manufacturing facilities to developing countries as a cost cutting measure. However, such strategy of organizations has led towards the emergence of many ethical problems between the organizations and its stakeholders (Karake-Shalhoub, 1999). Ethical dilemma is literally defined as a moral situation in which an individual has to make choice between two or more options. On the other hand, ethical dilemma in business is said to be existing when the decision makers within the organizations are encountered with making choices amongst two alternatives that may have a serious impact on the organization’s profit earning capability and/or its stakeholders (Shata, 2013; Fernando, 2009). Correspondingly, this essay intends to demonstrate an in-depth understanding and application of the ethical dimension of business decision making. In the given case study, Omax which is a large home appliances company is faced with the radical need to cut its workforce as its one of the strategies to shift its manufacturing activities to developing countries. In a board meeting, senior management team assigned Jenny who is working as HR manager in the company with the task to downsize the procurement department within the company. However, there are two individuals namely Alan and John who are currently working as procurement officers and are liable for sourcing suppliers. Unenviably, only one position is available within the procurement department corresponding to the downsizing strategy. Hence, Jenny is challenged with the choice to retain either Alan or John. Notably, off the job both Jenny and John are the members of book club and have formed friendship with each other. Besides, Jenny is also aware that John recently has a new born baby and realizes that the job would important for John and for his family. Now, Jenny is fi nding it difficult to make decision regarding the layoff. Jenny is unsure

Circadian Rhythms Essay Example for Free

Circadian Rhythms Essay 1. Describe how circadian rhythms are associated with sleep deprivation. 2. Explain the results of the sleep deprivation assessment. 3. Do you agree, or disagree, with the results. Why, or why not? 4. If you are sleep deprived, what steps could you take to get more or better quality of sleep? Alternatively, if you are not sleep deprived, what techniques allow you to get quality sleep most nights of the week? Circadian rhythms: Their role and dysfunction in affective disorder Press conference on the occasion of the 23rd ECNP Congress 2010, Amsterdam All humans are synchronised to the rhythmic light-dark changes that occur on a daily basis. Rhythms in physiological and biochemical processes and behavioural patterns persist in the absence of all external 24-hour signals from the physical environment, with a period that is close to 24 hours. These rhythms are referred to as  ´circadian ´, from the Latin  ´circa diem ´ ( ´about a day ´), and are attributable to internal biological clocks, driven by a major circadian pacemaker in the brain. The circadian pacemaker is entrained each day to the 24-hour solar cycle, which is the major  ´zeitgeber ´ (literally time-giver). Other zeitgebers are food intake, activity, or social cues, e.g. the alarm clock. Good temporal entrainment allows for optimal performance at the right time of the day, because being able to anticipate future tasks allows the appropriate physiological and psychological preparation. However, our modern society often imposes deviations from the regular work-rest-scheme, as in shift work, which results in problems with entrainment. Failure to adapt to environmental and societal time cues leads to misalignment of internal biological clocks. This  ´dysentrainment ´ comes with enhanced risk of errors and accidents, loss of productivity, and health risks such as increased propensity for cancer, depression, sleep disturbances, gastrointestinal, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, decreased immune responses and even life span. Hence, people with circadian rhythm disruption caused by shift work often develop glucose intolerance, diabetes and hypertension, and maybe cancer. The recent discovery of the core molecular circadian clock machinery has dramatically increased interest in the impact of circadian dysregulation on mental and physical health. Molecular basis of circadian rhythms Circadian rhythms are directed by a master biological clock in a specific brain structure of the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Apart from the SCN, the body has circadian oscillators in all brain regions and peripheral tissues, for example the liver (Schulz Steimer, 2009, Bechtold et al., 2010). The SCN is synchronised daily by environmental signals – mainly light (Wirz-Justice, 2006). Receiving information on lighting conditions directly from the retina, the SCN drives secretion of the pineal gland hormone melatonin as well as and many peripheral clocks, and their outputs modulate the SCN through feedback or feed-forward effects. Thus, in the body there is a hierarchy of interacting clocks (Schulz, 2007). In all cells, the expression of many genes changes rhythmically over 24 hours. Specific circadian genes such as CLOCK, BMAL1, and PER are responsible for the main SCN clockworking machinery as well as subsidiary clocks in other parts of the body. In m ice with mutations in time-keeping genes, deviant circadian sleep-wake and other rhythms can be observed. In addition, new interest in the role of circadian dysregulation in psychiatric disorders has arisen from the finding that a mutation in a core circadian clock gene induces hyperactivity, decreased sleep, and mania-like behaviour in mice (Turek, 2008). Animal studies were the key development that brought the field to its present exciting position, because their findings suggested that  ´clock genes ´ are directing the circadian rhythms in all physiological processes. Circadian disturbances: clinical impact on affective disorders In healthy individuals, physiological and biochemical variables such as body temperature, cortisol and melatonin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), noradrenaline and serotonin exhibit a circadian rhythm. However, in patients with affective disorders, many of these circadian rhythms are disturbed in phase and amplitude (Schulz Steimer, 2009; McClung, 2007). For instance, women with depression have a greater degree of variability in the timing of physiological and endocrine rhythms. Dysregulation of circadian rhythms and sleep disturbances are also core elements of bipolar disorder, and might be involved in its pathogenesis (Dallaspezia Benedetti, 2009). Clinicians have learned the enormous importance of synchronising agents ( ´zeitgebers ´) to entrain rhythms in patients with mood disorders, and how useful they are as novel treatments (e.g. light, melatonin). With regard to major depressive disorder, almost all patients present with sleep  disturbances and altered circadian rhythms including hormonal secretion, cardiac function, and body temperature. Sleep disruption is a major symptom in depression, with over 90% of patients showing sleep complaints that affect daytime functioning (Thase, 1999). Insomnia often appears before the onset of mood disorder symptoms and may persist into clinical remission: sleep disturbances are known to be a frequent residual symptom of depression, and the presence of insomnia marks an increased risk of relapse or recurrence. Sleep difficulties often are the key factor that causes depressed patients to seek medical help, and relief of sleep disturbances is important to encourage compliance with antidepressant medication. Associated with chronic depression, sleep disturbance can have as great an impact on health-related quality of life as the mental illness itself (Katz McHorney, 2002). It is well known that changes in clinical state are accompanied by shifts in timing of the sleep-wake cycle. The switch out of depression is often associated with a spontaneous sleep deprivation. Conversely, a prescri bed sleep deprivation can rapidly show antidepressive activity. Even more strikingly, a phase advance of sleep timing can induce longer-lasting antidepressant effects, suggesting an intimate functional relationship between sleep, its timing, and the depressive state. In healthy individuals and in patients with affective disorders, there is a close link between circadian rhythms, the stability of mood, and sleep regulation. How to reset the human biological clock in affective disorders In clinical practice, sleep disturbances in depression generally can be improved with effective antidepressant medication. However, commonly used modern antidepressants may be sleep-disturbing, particularly early in treatment, often to the extent that a sedative or hypnotic compound has to be prescribed concomitantly (Mayers Baldwin, 2005). The search for novel antidepressants has focused primarily on drug development, with the role of psychotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy to help depressive patients being well accepted. Surprisingly though, clinical application of chronobiological research, so called chronotherapeutics, appears not to fit into any conventional category, and is mostly neglected as putative treatment. Chronotherapeutics Chronotherapeutics is defined as controlled exposure to environmental stimuli  that act on biological rhythms (e.g. light) or direct manipulations of sleep in order to achieve therapeutic effects in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. One major aim of chronotherapeutics is to synchronise impaired circadian rhythms. Today the range of chronotherapeutic indications not only comprises affective disorders such as major depression (seasonal and non-seasonal), bipolar disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder and depression during pregnancy, but also bulimia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dementia, Parkinson ´s disease, and shift work and jet-lag disturbances (Wirz-Justice et al., 2009). Chronotherapeutic elements include light therapy, dark therapy or blue-blocking sunglasses, wake therapy (total or partial sleep deprivation in the second half of the night), phase advance of the sleep-wake cycle, and exogenously administered melatonin. Light therapy as a zeitgeber has been used to resynchronise disturbed sleep schedules back to a more normal pattern. Light is also an effective antidepressant, acting on many of the same neurotransmitter systems and brain structures as antidepressant drugs. What is fascinating about light therapy is that it is the first treatment in psychiatry that developed directly out of basic neurobiology research related to seasonal hibernation and reproduction in rodents. Light therapy is effective for all groups of major depression – not only for the seasonal subtype (SAD), for which it is well recognized as the treatment of choice. As an adjuvant to antidepressants in unipolar depressive patients, or lithium in bipolar patients, morning light hastens and potentiates the antidepressant response. Light therapy shows benefit even for patients with chronic depression of 2 years or more, and provides a viable alternative for patients who refuse, resist or cannot tolerate medication, or for whom drugs may be contraindicated, as in antepartum depression (Wirz-Justice et al., 2005). In addition, light therapy has been successfully used in other psychiatric or neurological illnesses, including bulimia nervosa and Alzheimer ´s disease. Dark therapy has yielded positive results to control symptoms in acute mania and to calm `rapid-cycling ´ bipolar patients in the manic phase – a group with one of the highest suicide rates among the mentally ill. By keeping patients in the dark and extending rest-sleep for periods of 10 to 14 hours, the mania episode could be ended. Dark therapy is theoretically interesting for its rapid effects, but is not very  practical. One alternative at present being investigated is the use of blue-blocking sunglasses. Blue is the wavelength to which the circadian system is particularly sensitive, thus by blocking this range in the light spectrum we can induce circadian darkness while not impairing the patients vision. Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland only at night, and is suppressed by light. Cued by darkness, melatonin is especially important for the onset of sleep, but is also involved in many other systems cardiovascular, immune, endocrine, and metabolic. If rhythms are out of sync, as in depression, then melatonin rhythms also occur at the wrong time thus accentuating the sleep disturbance. Exogenously administered, melatonin acts as a zeitgeber to synchronise circadian rhythms. In addition, its thermoregulatory action is important to induce a rapid onset of sleep, though it is not a sedative age nt per se. Wake therapy (a single nights sleep deprivation) is the most rapid antidepressant available today: approximately 60% of patients, independent of diagnostic subtype, respond with marked improvement within hours. A single nights sleep deprivation induces similar brain changes as many weeks of antidepressant drugs (Benedetti and Smeraldi, 2009). Relapse after recovery sleep can be prevented by daily light therapy, concomitant administration of antidepressants (SSRIs), lithium (for bipolar patients), or a short phase advance of sleep over 3 days. Combinations of these interventions show great promise (Wirz-Justice et al., 2005, 2009). Despite the growing evidence for the efficacy of the available chronotherapeutic methods, it is surprising how limited the use of these treatments still is. Given the rapid action of chronotherapeutics, lack of side effects, and easy combination possibilities, how can sleep physicians and psychiatrists be educated about their use? Perhaps it is the patients that need to be educated, who are much more interested in non-pharmaceutic approaches? Obviously, treatments that are not patentable do not make profits for industry, thus denying the commercial marketing model used for drugs. Because they do not go through official clinical trial registration at federal regulatory agencies, chronotherapeutic treatments are not on the list for insurance reimbursement. On account of their simplicity, chronotherapeutics contrast with high-tech medicine, and for this reason are often not taken seriously. Clinical implications In clinical practice there is still rather widespread ignorance about circadian sleep disturbances and chronotherapeutics in spite of the significant evidence base. How can wider dissemination of chronotherapeutics be achieved? First, enterprising doctors should try them out. Only with first-hand experience does the reality of efficacy and response emerge. Second, the techniques should be taught in medical school and during residency – since it is the younger generation that is most open to change and use of cogent alternatives to medication. The nonprofit, multilingual patients website www.cet.org and clinicians website www.chronotherapeutics.org of the Center for Environmental Therapeutics (CET) illustrate some first attempts to meet this Phase 3 educational challenge. Third, through its societies, the field of chronotherapeutics needs to advocate recognition for reimbursement. In the treatment of affective disorders, chronotherapeutics offer a new synthesis of non-pharmacol ogic interventions designed to accelerate remission in patients with depression and bipolar disorder. Combining chronotherapeutics with concomitant or follow-up medication shows great promise. Given the urgent need for new strategies to treat patients with residual depressive symptoms, clinical trials of wake therapy and/or adjuvant light therapy, coupled with follow-up studies of long-term recurrence, are of high priority. Conclusion Circadian dysfunction can have drastic consequences on brain functions. Increasing evidence suggests that disrupted temporal organisation impairs behaviour, cognition, and affect (Benca et al., 2009). Disruption of circadian clock genes impairs sleep-wake cycle and behavioural rhythms, which may be implicated in mental disorders. Several different psychiatric disorders, including depression, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), schizophrenia, and borderline-related disorders are commonly associated with abnormalities in circadian rhythms. In particular, biological clocks play a major role in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Synchronising impaired circadian rhythms, improving sleep, or paradoxically staying awake most of the night can be extremely helpful to treat patients with depression and bipolar disorder. Chronotherapeutic combinations of light and wake therapy achieve fast results and, by reducing  residual symptoms, also minimise relapse over many months. In addition, chronotherapeutics seem to be a major facilitator of drug response, and, in combination with antidepressants, a promising method to stabilise patients over the long term. Researchers are working on extending our knowledge concerning pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical ways to alter circadian rhythms. Recent discoveries of molecular clocks responsible for the generation of circadian rhythms provide novel insights into temporal disruption, offering new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of affective disorders. Sleep Drive and Your Body Clock * Sleep Topics Most people notice that they naturally experience different levels of sleepiness and alertness throughout the day, but what causes these patterns? Sleep is regulated by two body systems: sleep/wake homeostasis and the circadian biological clock. When we have been awake for a long period of time, sleep/wake homeostasis tells us that a need for sleep is accumulating and that it is time to sleep. It also helps us maintain enough sleep throughout the night to make up for the hours of being awake. If this restorative process existed alone, it would mean that we would be most alert as our day was starting out, and that the longer we were awake, the more we would feel like sleeping. In this way, sleep/wake homeostasis creates a drive that balances sleep and wakefulness. Our internal circadian biological clocks, on the other hand, regulate the timing of periods of sleepiness and wakefulness throughout the day. The circadian rhythm dips and rises at different times of the day, so adults stron gest sleep drive generally occurs between 2:00-4:00 am and in the afternoon between 1:00-3:00 pm, although there is some variation depending on whether you are a â€Å"morning person† or â€Å"evening person.† The sleepiness we experience during these circadian dips will be less intense if we have had sufficient sleep, and more intense when we are sleep deprived. The circadian rhythm also causes us to feel more alert at certain points of the day, even if we have been awake for hours and our sleep/wake restorative process would otherwise make us feel more sleepy. Changes to this circadian rhythm occur during adolescence, when most teens experience a sleep phase delay. This shift in teens circadian rhythm causes them to naturally feel alert later at night, making  it difficult for them to fall asleep before 11:00 pm. Since most teens wake up early for school and other commitments, this sleep phase delay can make it difficult to get the sleep teens need an average of 9 1/4 hours, but at least 8 1/2 hours. This sleep deprivation can influence the circadian rhythm; for teens the strongest circadian â€Å"dips† tend to occur between 3:00-7:00 am and 2:00-5:00 pm, but the morning dip (3 :00-7:00 am) can be even longer if teens haven’t had enough sleep, and can even last until 9:00 or 10:00 am. The circadian biological clock is controlled by a part of the brain called the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN), a group of cells in the hypothalamus that respond to light and dark signals. From the optic nerve of the eye, light travels to the SCN, signaling the internal clock that it is time to be awake. The SCN signals to other parts of the brain that control hormones, body temperature and other functions that play a role in making us feel sleepy or awake. In the mornings, with exposure to light, the SCN sends signals to raise body temperature and produce hormones like cortisol. The SCN also responds to light by delaying the release of other hormones like melatonin, which is associated with sleep onset and is produced when the eyes signal to the SCN that it is dark. Melatonin levels rise in the evening and stay elevated throughout the night, promoting sleep. In teenagers, research has shown that melatonin levels in the blood naturally rise later at night than in most children and adul ts. Since teens may have difficulty going to bed early to get enough sleep, it can help to keep the lights dim at night as bedtime approaches. It can also help to get into bright light as soon as possible in the morning. Circadian disruptions such as jet lag put us in conflict with our natural sleep patterns, since the shift in time and light cues on the brain forces the body to alter its normal pattern to adjust. This is why jet lag can leave travelers feeling poorly and having more difficulty thinking and performing well. But these symptoms can also occur in everyday life, when the circadian rhythm is disrupted by keeping long and irregular hours. Because of this, it is important to keep a regular sleep schedule and allow plenty of time for quality sleep, allowing these two vital biological components the sleep/wake restorative process and the circadian rhythm to help us perform at our best. References Circadian rhythms: Their role and dysfunction in affective disorder. (10, April 30). Retrieved from http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-08/econ-crt082610.php# Sleep Drive and Your Body Clock | National Sleep Foundation Information on Sleep Health and Safety. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/sleep-drive-and-your-body-clock Good sleeping habits begin with a regular bedtime routine. If you thought that was just for kids, its time to reconsider the importance of pre-sleep rituals in your life. A relaxing bedtime routine helps to prepare your brain and body for bed and promotes restful sleep. | If you try to jump straight from the swirling thoughts and frantic activity of your everyday life into a deep sleep, chances are youll be unsuccessful. Thats because your mind and body arent controlled by flipping a switch to the off position in that way. However, establishing a soothing bedtime routine as an integral part of your sleeping habits sets the stage for a good nights sleep. Humans are creatures of habit and our natural body rhythms crave consistency. So, when youre planning your bedtime routine, keep things simply and easy because your ritual needs to be something you can do every single night. If you make it too lengthy or intricate youre setting yourself up for failure. Your pre-sleep behaviors should be soothing and relaxing. The aim is to give yourself the time and space to wind down from the stresses of the day and reach a calming state of relaxation to make it easier to fall asleep. If your sleeping habits include some of the following, youll be well on your way to establishing an effective bedtime routine. Take a warm bath A drop in body temperature helps to trigger the need for sleep so a warm bath (or a soak in the hot-tub) may help you fall asleep faster. You can enhance this effect by using aromatherapy products (bath oils, scented candles and so on) with calming properties. Practice Relaxation Techniques Todays fast-paced world tends to make us tense and irritable, which can really interfere with your ability to sleep well. Spending some time on relaxing activities (breathing exercises, yoga, massage, meditation, or entle stretches) before bed can lower anxiety levels and calm your body and mind. | Have a Bedtime Snack A bowl of nachos or that last slice of pizza definitely shouldnt have a place in your bedtime routine. But, certain foods and drinks can have a positive effect on your sleep. Some foods contain an amino-acid called tryptophan that can make you feel sleepy. Remember that glass of warm milk your mom used to urge you to drink? She knew what she was doing because milk contains tryptophan. In addition to milk, many dairy products such cheese and yogurt contain this chemical, as do soy products, poultry, whole-grains and many seeds/nuts. So, a glass of milk and a handful of wholewheat crackers could be a good addition to your sleeping habits. Many herbal teas can have a relaxing and calming effect, as well. Avoid Sleep-Destroying Activities Foods Any activity that stimulates your brain or body (with the noticeable exception of love-making) can sabotage your bedtime routine. Stay away from horror movies, work e-mail, strenuous exercise, caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, and spicy foods. Also, watch out for unexpected side effects of prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications and natural remedies that you may take for other conditions. Changing your sleeping habits and establishing a bedtime routine that encourages deep, restful sleep takes time and determination but the rewards are well worth the effort.

Is General Will Compatible With Individual Freedom Politics Essay

Is General Will Compatible With Individual Freedom Politics Essay Jean-Jacque Rousseau wrote at a time before great social and political change in Europe. His texts remain one of the classic concepts of political theory. His writings have been thought of by many as, the bible for the French Revolution for his foresight and perhaps predictions for the violence and terror that followed. His text, The Social Contract (1762) is made up of 4 books. In Books 1 and 2 he aimed to address the problem of political morality and the theory of institutions in Books 3 and 4. Rousseau was a defender of democracy, an advocate for individual liberty and an egalitarian. Rousseau begins with the famous opening lines, Men are born free, yet everywhere are in chains He starts by explaining the way in which men are bound to the chains of civil society which restrain the natural right of man to an objective independent freedom. He believed that civil society does not give man the freedom, liberty and equality that were promised to him when joining society. Rousseau believed that the only way to prevent these shackles from becoming uncomfortable would be by the collective creation of a body in society forming a single will, the general will. When answering the question it is important to understand the idea of the rule of the general will to see if it is compatible with the freedom of the individual. The general will is expressed by the sovereign (either an individual with a unified will or a collective body in society). The definition and purpose of this general will is to act in the needs and desires of the collective and to sustain the common good for all people. Rousseau explains, The English people believed itself to be free. It is greatly mistaken; it is free only during the election of the members of Parliament. Once they are elected, the populace is enslaved; it is nothing . To Rousseau the idea of the general will is one of free debate in an assembly of individuals and equals of what is of common interest. In Chapter 15 of Book 3 he puts forward the idea that sovereignty cannot be represented, because it consists of the general will and the general will cannot be represented . J. Plamenatz (1992) gives this reason for Rousseaus argument for direct as apposed to representative democracy. Every citizen in Rousseaus ideal society should make the laws themselves and not entrust this job in the places of others. This was Rousseaus third principle. In essence general will gives every individual in the collective the freedom to vote how he pleases in the assembly and ultimately everyone has a say in the running of the society as the democracy is direct. However, Rousseau retains that general will should not be the desire of the individual will, but what will be beneficial for everyone. Rousseau also believed that whoever went against obeying the general will ought to be enforced to do so by the whole body. This means nothing other than that he shall be forced to be free . What Rousseau means by this is that by people having the obligation to adhere to the social contract and by having to receive the benefit of the general will, theyre gaining freedom. This is in contrast to Hobbes and Locke who believed laws were created to stop us wandering from the path of civil obedience and referred to as hedges. Rousseau asserts that it is the process of law making that sets us free. His key argument was that if we are the authors of the law then we could manifest our own freedom and independence. According to Rousseau we are all born free and have the capacity to be free but to achieve this Rousseau believed we have to build a social government that does not enslave us. It could be argued that Rousseaus idea of the rule of the general will, is compatible with the freedom of the individual. This is because Rousseau described the notion of there being 2 different types of freedom. There is social freedom and a personal freedom. He also refers to personal freedom as the state of nature. Rousseau said that freedom was only reachable when the populace obeyed the laws it set itself. J. Plamenatz (1992) describes this by explaining ideally we would say, I alone have made the law that I obey but that this is impossible and instead the most we can hope for is that each should say, I obey the law that we have made rather than I obey the law that they have made. This ideal is that every citizen should identify himself with the community that makes the law . Rousseau bellied that the ab ility to follow these rules and laws would only be possible once one recognised themselves as a part and member of the community of lawmakers. Rousseau had previously discussed the first explanatory problem of the origins of how we became unfree, when we are born naturally free in the state of nature. He wrote about this in Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (1755). It is in The Social Contract (1762) that he explained the second problem, the justificatory problem and suggested an answer. Rousseau asserted that power only becomes legitimate once the people consent to it and. He said, Each of us puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will; and in a body we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole In conclusion, Iain Hampsher-Monk writes in A History of Modern Polticial Thought that, part of the main, objective of the general will, therefore is its constant tendency to equality . He says that the notion of obeying ourselves is a difficult one to understand, however he explains that in this way of setting and obeying our own rules, tyranny can be guarded against . Whilst some scholars have regarded Rousseaus political thought as pointing towards totalitarianism, (as he advocates complete subservience to the state) many others regard him as a firm liberal and a defender of freedom and equality. For this reason it is believed that Rousseaus idea of the rule of the general will is compatible with the freedom of the individual, as in Rousseaus state; the popular sovereignty effectively governs themselves by legitimising the chains of society and reconciling sovereignty , freedom and authority.

The Moonstone Essay :: essays research papers

The Moonstone Essay The Moonstone, written in 1868 by Wilkie Collins is a mystery novel about a gem called "The Moonstone". The moonstone is somewhat a symbol of what everyone strives for, beauty and power. In the book, justice plays a huge role in terms of doing what is fair and morally right through action and attitude. Although the moonstone is overbearingly beautiful and breathtaking, like all beautiful things, it has a history "..that crime brings its own fatality with it" (Ch. IV). With such great beauty, the moonstone almost takes power and control over people, making them act out in such ways just to get their hands on it. The Moonstone does not come from England. Herncastle, the uncle of Rachel Verinder steals the gem while in battle. Before Herncastle takes possession of the Moonstone, the stone has already passed through the hands of a number posseors. During the first narrative, the gem is explained as a symbol of wealth and power that no man should ever possess, even though so many wish to get their hands on it. And with such demands for people to stay away from it, lures all to want it crave even more. In a way, the moonstone symbolized the conquering that Herncastle did while in India, allowing the moonstone to almost become a trophy of his doings. This is not just at all, it was known that the invasion on India was to make them less barbaric, when in reality, what the English were doing to India was forcing their beliefs and culture on them, in an obviously not mannerable way. "... "the shrine of Hindoo pilgrimage, and the wonder of the eastern world" (Ch. II of the prologue ). The moonstone was rightfully a part of India that was stolen after Herncastle kills many people, a trophy for murder has to carry some consequences with it, and so; it did. After his death, Herncastle leaves the moonstone,aware of the seriousness of the stone, to his niece Rachel Verinder to get back at the family that excluded him. He puts it in the hands of Mr.Franklin Blake to deliver the stone to Rachel. When Mr. Blake arrives at the Verinder house, there were words about Indiains that were disguising themselves as jugglers and magicians in order to try and get information on the whereabouts of the moonstone in hopes of getting it back and returning it to it's rightfully owners, the Indians themselves.

Perversion :: essays research papers

Dermott O'Flanagan Sexual Ethics Paper The issues of sexual ethics in relation to morality and perversion have been addressed in depth by each of the gentleman at this table. Sexual activity as described by Solomon and Nagle is comprised of a moral standard and ‘naturalness’ aspect. So, in claiming an act is perverted we must first examine it through a moral framework and understand how this interacts with the ‘naturalness’ of a particular act. Solomon makes the distinction as follows â€Å"Perversion is an insidious concept†¦To describe an activity as perverse is not yet a full blown moral condemnation, for it need not entail that one ought not to indulge in such activities.† Along with the examination of the nature of an act, there must be clear justification as to why sexual acts deserve special separate ethical principles. The question arises: does an act simply due to its sexual nature deserve a separate form of moral inquisition than other acts that occur in nature? In this essa y I shall argue that perversion and immorality are not mutually exclusive. By this I mean that a sexual act that is, by my definition, immoral must also be perverted. It is also my contention that if an act is perverted we must also define it as immoral. This second part of the argument is contrary to what many of you have claimed. At the outset of this paper I would also like to state my support of Thomas Nagel’s argument holding that the connection between sex and reproduction has no bearing on sexual perversion. (Nagel 105) I will begin first with the idea that sexual behavior should not be granted its own moral code. Sexual ethics only makes sense if sexuality plays a unique role in human life. If procreation has significance precisely because it is a contribution to God's ongoing work of creation, sexuality is supremely important and must be governed by restrictive rules, which would therefore prohibit sexual acts that are not for procreative purposes. This justification of sexuality as a unique aspect of human life, however, is dependent on a theological claim that there exists a God who micro manages the sexual lives of individuals. Without the presence of such a God, there can exist no separate restrictive rules on the nature of sexual acts. Even if we grant that there is a God, most people will agree that sex is more often used as a way to intensify the bond between two people and therefor sex is the ultimate trust and intimacy that you can share with a person.

Reaching For Dreams - A Ballet :: essays research papers

In watching a professional ballet one doesn’t realize how much work is put into making the production come to life. Both the dancers and the choreographers put every ounce of energy and emotion into telling their story. It takes years for a ballerina to train for the labor that goes into becoming professional, however just weeks to learn a full-length ballet. Dancers can sometimes be put through months of sore muscles in order to train. Often ballet dancers are told to loose weight in order to look their part, or are only given a few minutes for break after hours of vigorous training. In the end it is all worth it though. When I checked out Reaching for Dreams: A Ballet from Rehearsal to Opening Night, by Susan Kuklin out of the library I expected to read another boring drawn out diary. Amazingly this book was difficult for me to put down because I became so enthralled by the process of putting on a ballet. At the beginning of this book the author describes the dancers coming in on a rainy Monday morning to begin warm-ups and rehearsal. This of course is the beginning of their voyage to opening night. The dancers taking part in this production were from the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre. The ballet that they plan to perform in seven weeks is called â€Å"Speeds.† The choreographer of â€Å"Speeds† is a world-renowned woman by the name of Jennifer Mullers. This production contains a cast of eleven dancers and five alternates. â€Å"Speeds† is a modern ballet that explains how one moment in time is like no other, and how often things in the world change. Throughout this book, Kuklin observes the life of a dancer. The typical day of a professional ballerina at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre consists of waking up around seven to be at rehearsal in plenty of time to warm-up. In dance warming up your muscles is the most important device to do before beginning, as it helps you stay clear of any possible injuries. After warming up Jennifer, the choreographer, teaches them the dance and makes sure that every move â€Å"flows† with the body of the person dancing it. She claims that â€Å"the dancers must be comfortable with the shapes that they dance.† After hours of strenuous practice the dancers receive a five-minute break to cool off and grab a bite to eat.

Nrega Scheme a Success Essay

Is NREGA(National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) a success or a failure? The NREGA is an Indian Job Guarantee scheme, enacted by the legislation on Aug 25,2005. The scheme provides a legal guarantee for one hundred days of employment in every financial year to adult members of any rural household at a wage of Rs 120 per day. So almost after five years of its commencement can NREGA be considered a success ? This essay will consider a number of explanations for concluding the impact of NREGA. My argument would be that definitely NREGA has been a success. First of all we need to remember that NREGA is a programme without precedent. No other employment programme has even come close to being implemented on such a large scale. So the output can’t be compared to that of any other programmes. Taking into account the success story of the Pandurni village in the Nanded district of Maharastra which won the award for the best performance in implementing the Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme for 2009-2010, we can see that around 1500 people from the village are registered under this scheme from which around 800 have been benifited from it. Pandurni has completed over 100 irrigation projects. Of these projects one that has been remarkable is the rocky bund built by around 200 villagers, to prevent soil erosion. Officials claim that implementation of the scheme on such a large scale here has prevented the migration of labourers to other districts. Similar success stories have also been reported from various villages of Rajasthan. NREGA has created more work for rural people than any other programme since independence. If we look at the coverage of the scheduled caste and scheduled tribe, if we look at the participation of women, if we look at the financial inclusion that we have achieved about more than 10 crore bank accounts and post office accounts that have been opened for NREGA workers then a lot can be said in terms of its achievements. It can be agreed to a fact that nothing in this world is an unmixed blessing. I agree if the NREGA has good side, it has a bad side also. But the ill effects have been largely due to corruption in our country. Its because of that only the ‘aam admi’(ordinary people) are not able to avail the proper benifits of the scheme. NREGA is a scheme which if implemented properly can benefit the labour class of our country.

Elementary School Students Essay

In learning a new language, students face a difficult transition and often times, frustration and pain (Ybarra and Green, 2003). To avoid this, English language learners must be provided with scaffold and a variety of flexible language learning experiences such as language hearing, writing, speaking, and reading. According to M. L. Liaw (1997), language teachers should provide language-rich environment to learners and actively involved them in every activities which involve language practices (cited in Ybarra and Green, 2003). These learning activities establish a good flow of communication among students through their interactions. Based on researches, individuals learn mostly through their own style of learning. Felder and Henriques (1995) defined learning style as the individual’s unique means of acquisition, retention, and retrieval of information. Different learning styles of students require teachers to tailor their way of instruction in such way that it meets the learners’ needs and preferences. For instance, teachers who are not fond of music, may not incorporate chants and songs in their instruction, thus, the learning preferences of musical learners are not given emphasis (Procter, n. d. ). Teachers, therefore, must be flexible enough in learning new strategies in order to bring the best out of their students. Learning Styles and Teaching Strategies Felder and Henriques (1995) stated that students may learn in a number of ways including seeing, hearing, reflecting and acting, logical and intuitively reasoning, and memorizing and visualizing. Teachers, on the other hand, typically employ demonstration, lecture or discussion in giving academic instruction. The students’ performance is affected by their adaptive ability, preparation, and their compatibility with the teacher’s style of giving instruction. A mismatch between learning style and teaching style, as foreseen, is a cause of poor academic performance. Butler (1988) classified learning styles into cognitive, affective, physiological, and psychological (cited in Lamboy, 2003). A student’s way of perceiving and ordering information or ideas belongs to the cognitive style while the affective domain speaks of social and personality traits in learning. The physiological dimension, on the other hand, refers to the senses which include auditory, visual, or kinaesthetic, and environmental factors such as light and temperature. Inner strengths and individuality pertains to the psychological aspect while auditory learners love to play with words and their sounds through listening and storytelling. For Procter (n. d. ), problem solving and numbers are very appealing to logical children. They enjoy puzzle, pattern, sequence, and card games activities. Intrapersonal learners, on the other hand, are generally shy but have a good sense of self. Learners of this type prefer personalization activities such as drawing and writing about one’s family and experiences. Drawing, painting, or coloring activities are often preferred by visual learners. Most of the time, they enjoy the teacher’s facial expression in storytelling and readily understand stories through pictures. Moreover, kinesthetic learners prefer learning through physical activities such as games and hands-on exercises while musical type of learners, learn best through chants and songs. Lastly, cooperative activities such as group works, interviews, projects, and surveys are best means of learning for interpersonal learners. Researches and Implications Ehrman and Oxford (1990) found the preferences of students in respective learning styles through an intensive language training (cited in Felder and Henriques, 1995). Sensing learners used a variety of memorization strategies like internal drills and flash cards; prefer practical materials and highly structured or well-organized classes. Intuitive learners, on the other hand, favor basic vocabulary and grammatical rules, linguistic concepts and translations. Visual learners like visual presentation of information through pictures, diagrams, flow charts, time lines, films, and demonstration while verbal learners are fond of spoken and written explanations. Also, active learners are inclined towards physical activities and experimentation as compared to passive roles of reflective learners such as listening, observing, and taking down notes. Further, sequential learners better absorb small and connected chunks of information as contrasted to the holistic preference of global learners. Felder and Henriques (1995) concluded that an effective language instruction then caters to the different learning styles of students. This means that language instruction must contain the elements that are appealing to all types of learning styles. It should be a concoction of concrete information such as definition and grammatical rules; and concepts like syntactical and semantic information, and linguistic and cultural background details. Conclusion In planning for a language instruction, educators must consider the heterogeneous learning styles of the students. In doing so, they may creatively select learning activities that are appealing to different types of learners. In addition, educators may properly guide and give necessary aid to students for learning strategies appropriate to their learning styles. Moreover, despite the amount of research that has been done with regards to learning styles over the last few years, there is no clear evidence proving that a particular learning style is generally better over the others. This is perhaps due to the human mind’s flexibility and individual differences. Thus, it is much better then, that learning strategies be given emphasis in every learning situation. References Felder, R. M. and Henriques, E. R. (1995). Learning and Teaching Styles In Foreign and Second Language Education. Retrieved November 5, 2008, from http://www4. ncsu. edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Papers/FLAnnals. pdf Lamboy, C. L. (2003). Using Technology in an English as a Second Language Course to Accommodate Visual,Kinesthetic, and Auditory Learners to Affect Students’ Self-Efficacy About Learning the Language. Retrieved November 5, 2008, from http://www. des. emory. edu/mfp/DissertationLamboy. pdf Procter, S. (n. d. ). Gogo Loves English Fits Many Learning Styles. Retrieved November 5, 2008, from http://www. gogolovesenglish. com/Articles/Stanton1. asp Ybarra, R. and Green, T. (2003). Using Technology to Help ESL/EFL Students Develop Language Skills. Retrieved November 5, 2008, from http://iteslj. org/Articles/Ybarra-Technology. html

Felons and the Right to Vote

Sara Duran-Campos Professor Gould English 111 December 12, 2012 Convicted Felons Should Not Be Allowed to Vote Many Americans were not allowed to vote these past elections. It wasn’t because they didn’t pay taxes or were mentally incompetent or underage. The reason why they can’t vote is because they are convicted felons. Certain states do not give back the right to vote after Ex-convicted felons have paid their debts or completed their time in jail. Some states have a probation period before the ex-felon is allowed to vote.There are some states that go to the extent to never return the right to vote to felons or ex-felons. The right to vote to felons should be taken away as a form of punishment. After completing their time in jail felons, which now are ex-felons, should have their right to vote restored. A felony is a serious crime usually punishable by imprisonment or death. Felons are people that have been convicted of a crime such as murder, rape, arson, chil d molest, drug offender and burglary. Virginia is one of many states that takes the right to vote away from felons as a form of punishment.Maine allows felons to vote even when they are imprisoned. The act of taking away the right to vote from felons and ex-felons is called Disenfranchisement. People that are in favor of disenfranchisement believe that those convicted of a crime have shown poor judgment therefore, proves them unfit to make good decisions when it comes to elections. Some believe that felon disenfranchisement laws also have a big racial impact because certain percent of population have their right to vote taken away more than others.Rates of incarceration and sentencing for African-Americans are higher than Caucasians, Latinos, and Native Americans. It seems like a good point but voting requires certain minimum standards of and trustworthiness. Those who have committed serious crimes against their fellow citizens do not meet the standards of voting. Discrimination whe n sentencing a felon should not be practice in any court. If there is any proof of discrimination the government should that addressed too. Any citizen that does not want their right to vote taken away should not commit a crime.Voting is and should be a privilege for everyone without discrimination. Voting should not be allowed in prison. Felons are in prison because have not paid their debt yet. They are in the process of doing that. Felons have lost their right of freedom and other civil rights after committing a crime. The right of voting should also be taken away as a form or punishment. The right to vote should be withheld and return after release from prison. Those that support felons right to vote believe that a felon’s debt to society is their time behind bars. They don’t believe that felons should lose their right to vote.Section 5: Felons should pay Their debt * (Use your evidence to support it) * Comment on how you feel (Don’t use I feel, just say it) about this information in relation to the overall message. * Another point to support what was said in the beginning of the paragraph * Evidence * Comment on this as well * Transition * Section 6: Felons Should Have a Restoration of Vote * The Argument of felons and their right to vote is very important in the United States because many Americans were not allowed to vote this past elections due to being an ex-felon. Comment on how you feel (Don’t use I feel, just say it) about this information in relation to the overall message. * a study suggesting that former offenders who vote are less likely to return to jail. Evidence * Thirty-five states prohibit at least some people from voting after they have been released from prisonTransition * Section 7: Conclusion * Restate thesis * Reiterate your major points * Therefore, it is evident * Strong ending. Works Cited Browne, Sharon, and Roger Clegg. â€Å"Felons Have Lost Their Right to Vote. † Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 13 June 2010. Web. 01 Dec. 2012.

DNA Extraction Essay

Much can be learned from studying an organisms DNA. The first step to doing this is extracting DNA from cells. In this experiment, you will isolate DNA from the cells of fruit. Materials (1) 10 mL Graduated Cylinder(2) 100 mL Beakers15 cm Cheesecloth1 Resealable Bag1 Rubber Band (Large. Contains latex pleasewear gloves when handling if you have a latex allergy).Standing Test TubeWooden Stir StickFresh, Soft Fruit (e.g., Grapes, Strawberries, Banana, etc.) ScissorsDNA Extraction SolutionIce Cold EthanolYou Must ProvideContains sodium chloride, detergent and waterFor ice cold ethanol, store in the freezer 60 minutes before use. Procedure If you have not done so, prepare the ethanol by placing it in a freezer for approximately 60 minutes. Put pieces of a soft fruit into a plastic zipper bag and mash with your fist. The amount of food should be equal to the size of approximately five grapes. Use the 10 mL graduated cylinder to measure 10 mL of the DNA Extraction Solution. Transfer the solution from the cylinder to the bag with the fruit it in. Seal the bag completely. Mix well by kneading the bag for two minutes. Create a filter by placing the center of the cheesecloth over the mouth of the standing test tube, pushing it into the tube about two inches, and securing the cheesecloth with a rubber band around the top of the test tube. Cut a hole in the corner of the bag and filter your extraction by pouring it into the cheesecloth. You will need to keep the filtered solution which passes through the cheese cloth into the standing test tube. Rinse the 10 mL graduated cylinder, and measure five mL of ice-cold ethanol. Then, while holding the standing test tube at a 45 angle, slowly transfer the ethanol into the standing test tube with the filtered solution. The color has been enhanced by dying the fruit with a substance that glows under black light.DNA will precipitate (come out of solution) after the ethanol has been added to the solution. Let the test tube sit undisturbed for 2 – 5 minutes. You should begin to see air bubbles form at the boundary line between the ethanol and the filtered fruit solution. Bubbles will form near the top, and you will eventually see the DNA float to the top of the ethanol. Gently insert the stir stick into the test tube. Slowly raise and lower the tip several times to spool and collect the DNA. If there is an insufficient  amount of DNA available, it may not float to the top of the solution in a form that can be easily spooled or removed from the tube. However, the DNA will still be visible as white/clear clusters by gently stirring the solution and pushing the clusters around the top. Post-Lab Questions What is the texture and consistency of the DNA DNA is viscous and greasy. Why did we use a sa lt in the extraction solution High salt makes DNA less soluble in water. In order to dissolve, the water needs to interact with the DNA. Since DNA is quite large, it needs to interact with lots of water for this purpose. When you add salt, the water preferentially interacts with the salt (its small, and can move around in solution easier than the DNA can). This makes it so there is less water available to interact with the DNA and it becomes less soluble. Is the DNA soluble in the aqueous solution or alcohol DNA is less soluble in an alcohol such as isopropanol than it is in water. This is because alcohols are non-polar, whereas water is polar. The polar water molecule is much better at distributing the negative charge on DNA, causing it to remain in solution. However, since alcohol is non-polar, the negatively charged molecules of DNA tend to group together, forming clumps, which precipitate out of the alcohol solution. What else might be in the ethanol/aqueous interface How could you eliminate this When you precipitate the solution with cold ethanol 70 you would have a mix of DNA, RNA and some soluble salts. You should be able to centrifuge again so the DNA/RNA forms a pellet and drain the liquid out. Which DNA bases pair with each other How many hydrogen bonds are shared by each pair How is information to make proteins passed on through generations Watch the following Virtual Lab demonstrating DNA Extraction. In this experiment, how do the Lysis Solution and the Salt Solution vary by function Identify one step which was included in the Virtual Lab which was not required in the hands-on experiment. Then, identify one step which was included in the hands-on experiment, but not the virtual lab.

Protestant Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Protestant - Assignment Example sts also questioned the older understanding and meanings of biblical scriptures, and made attempts to bring forth improved explanations of the prevailing biblical words. The followers of the liberal mainline Protestant Christianity believe in the existence of a Deity i.e. Trinity that includes the Father, the Holy Spirit and the Son. They believe that symbolically speaking, Jesus Christ is a manifestation or incarnation of the God. God is the creator of universe and evidence that arises as a result of scientific experimentation supports this notion. They also believe that death is not the end; evil will be punished while good acts will be rewarded in the afterlife (Albanese 106). The older belief regarding inheritance of ‘original sin’ (Adam & Eve) is not readily accepted by many. Instead of following a religious concept regarding suffering of the humanity, the liberal Protestants are more inclined towards following the humanistic approach which aligns closely with the modern notion of helping the needy in times of need. Overall, the liberal approach seeks to find rational answers to religious questions and in doing so, centers the deci sions on knowledge that is already acquired by human beings by scientific

Introduction To HRM Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Introduction To HRM - Coursework Example 9 2 What Information Could They Find Out? 9 Activity 1.3 13 1 Identify The Historical Influences On The Approach To HRM Adopted At Utility X? Give Reasons for Your Answer. 13 2 Why Do You Think Mike Finds His Working Environment Stressful? 14 3 Why Do You Think There Is A High Turnover Rate Among Staff In The Call Centre At Utility X? 14 4 If You Were In Mike’s Position What Would You Do? 15 Activity 1.3 Windows 16 1 Identify the Historical Influences Operating In Windows 16 2 Why Do You Think Jane Now Enjoys Working For Windows? 16 3 Which Organisation Would Your Prefer To Work For? Explain Why. 17 Activity 1.4 18 1 Using The Storey’s (1992), Table, Cited In Bloisi (2007) Page 15, Identify The Factors That Indicate That College Z May Be Taking A Personnel Or HRM Approach To Managing People In The Following Table: 18 2 Given The Factors Listed Above, Is College Z Taking A Personnel Approach Or HRM Approach? Explain Your Decision 19 3 Using The Storey’s (1992), Ta ble, Cited In Bloisi (2007) Page 15, Identify The Factors That Indicate That The Windows Case Study In Activity 1.3 May Be Taking A Personnel Or HRM Approach To Managing People In The Following Table: 20 4 Given The Factors Listed Above, Are Windows Taking A Personnel Approach Or HRM Approach? Explain Your Decision. ... What HR Models Do You Think Have Been Used? Give Reasons for Your Answer. 23 Using the Utility X Case Study from 1.3, Answer the Following Questions: 24 1 What Type of Approach to HRM Do You Think Has Been Adopted At Utility X? Give Reasons for Your Answer. 24 2 Explain What The Michigan Model Of HRM Is Based Upon And Describe How It Applies To Utility X. 24 Activity 1.6 25 1 Why In The Authors Views Is The ‘Employee Champion’ Role So Important? 25 2 Do You Agree or Disagree With the Authors’ Views in This Article? Give Examples Of Areas Of Agreement Or Disagreement And Explain Your Reasons. 25 3 Who Should Carry Out the ‘Employee Champion’ Role in Organisations? 25 4 Read The Last Paragraph Carefully. Do You Agree With The Authors’ Views? Explain Why This Is The Case. 26 5 How Can Line Managers And HR Managers Be Encouraged To Work Together For The Mutual Benefit Of The Organisation? 26 Activity 1.7 27 1 What Changes Have Been Made In Relation To HR Work Within The Hotel? 27 2 What Are The Benefits Of Making These Changes For The Organisation And Line Managers? 27 3 What Problems Can Occur When HR Work Is Devolved To Line Managers? 28 4 Why Do You Think The Line Managers Find HR Work Problematical? 29 5 Explain How HR And Line Managers Can Work Together More Effectively? 29 Bibliography 30 Activity 1.1 1 Identify The Different Activities That Susan Has To Carry Out In Relation To People Management As Part Of Her Role As Supervisor. Susan had the responsibility of arranging staff cover when the existing staffs were on leave. The pizza franchise was also planning on recruiting new staff. The advertisement for the purpose of recruitment would be drafted by Susan. An employee had mistakenly provided a free meal to a customer without

Introduction To Property Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Introduction To Property Law - Essay Example If there is a physical entry on the land of another, the case is a potential trespass. However cases involving fumes, smoke, light or other non-trespassory conducted are governed by nuisance principles (29.02) (b) To what extent, if at all, do occupiers need to protect trespassers from danger? Basically it states that an occupier of land who brings onto it anything likely to do damage if it escapes, and keep that thing on the land, will be liable for any damage caused by an escape (3.0). (c) Explain the various methods by which an easement may be acquired. The law recognizes five basic categories of affirmative easements: (1) express easements; (2) easements implied from prior existing use; (3) easements by necessity; (4) prescriptive easements; and (5) irrevocable licenses or â€Å"easements by estoppels.† Certain negative easements are also recognized (32.01). (d) What is the significance of the DEED in land law transactions? Give examples of situations where it is required. The deed is the basic document used to transfer an estate or other interest in land during the owner’s lifetime. One who transfers title by deed is a grantor; one who receives title is a grantee. The general warranty is a type of deed. It contains six specific covenants of title that warrant against any defect in the grantor’s title. ... Above the kiosk is a sign which reads, ‘THE FOXSHIRE ESTATE DOES NOT ACCEPT ANY LIABILITY FOR LOSS OR DAMAGE SUSTAINED ON THESE PREMISES.’ Recently, the following incidents have occurred. Answer the question which follows each incident. All parts carry equal marks. (i) Adam, a boy of 14, visited the estate with his parents. Adam’s parents left him to explore on his own while they went for a coffee in the cafe. Adam decided to climb one of the very old and large cedar trees. A rotten branch broke under his weight and he fell to the ground and broke his arm. The Foxshire Trust had recently hired Lopitoff Ltd, a firm of professional tree surgeons, to remove any ‘dangerous branches.’ They had failed to spot that the branch in question was rotten. Could Adam sue Foxshire Trust for the injury he has sustained? Yes. Liability as in the rule in Rylands v Fletcher Case. The rule states an occupier of land who brings onto it anything likely to do damage if it e scapes (3.0) (ii) The estate gardeners frequently light large bonfires, on a patch of ground near the edge of the estate, to get rid of garden waste. Bettie, who owns a house in the nearby village of Foxhill, is fed up with the smoke which blows across and deposits smuts on her laundry on the washing line. Her daughter, Carol, claims that the smoke has exacerbated her asthma. A number of other villagers have complained about the smoke. What action, if any, could Bettie and Carol and the other villagers take against the Foxshire Trust? (iii) The Foxshire Trust is very committed to green causes and owns a small organic farm on the estate (Home Farm) and employs a farm manager to run it. Denise, a neighbouring

MACROECONOMIC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MACROECONOMIC - Essay Example It has also seen that the market and business of the country getting to have a sense of decency and accountability. The banks major role is to regulate the money or the Australian currency. It is also responsible for the management of other banks. In essence the RBA has a regulatory role in the Australian economy rather than profit making like other banks. The absence of this bank could have seen a scenario was prices of commodities rise insignificantly and no one has control over them. Financial institutions could have also been free to impose any interest rates and totally create a situation of anarchy in the economy. It is then necessary that we keenly look at the role of the RBA in the economy of Australia. The role of the RBA Though the reserve bank can play several other roles there are three major roles that can be sidelined in the study of the functions of the RBA to the economy of Australia. These roles are. ... Interest rates are a significant and basic thing that loaners look at before they can take a lone from the bank. The RBA then plays a very basic role of regulating the availability of money in the economy to be borrowed, these is done by the bank regulating and defining the general cost rate of interest in the whole banking sector. These are ideally achieved through the domestic market operations (RBO). In these case then the bank is responsible for the granting of government securities, these securities are like the treasury notes and also the treasury bonds. These two will directly influence the general interest rate of the banks. Maintenance of employment Unemployment is one key factor in the determination of the economic status of a country. Unemployment is majorly or in most cases high when inflation is high. With the prices of commodities being high and purchase power of citizen being low then a situation presents itself were many employees will not employ more workers or in ev en other case downsize there labor force. The RBA has a major role of regulating inflation by ensuring that it remains at a very low value. This low inflation is very critical in marginalizing prices in the market and thus the purchase power remains high. These unable more people to get employed and thus in such a case the RBA is playing a very critical role of maintaining employment. Ensuring economic prosperity Finally the RBA has a very major role of developing the economy of Australia. From the roles it plays it ensures that there is stability in the currency of Australia. A stable currency is a very good indicator of economy growth. When the currency is strong against other international currencies then the economy